1The conversations with Francisco Varela took place as part of a larger interview project involving 25 interviews with eminent thinkers on knowledge and leadership (sponsored by the Society for Organizational Learning and McKinsey & Company). All interviews are accessible as free downloads from www.dialogonleadership.org 2 F. Varela and J. Shear, The View from Within: First-Person Approaches to the Study of Consciousness (Thorverton: Imprint Academic, 1999). 3 N. Depraz, F. Varela, and P. Vermersch, "The Gesture of Awareness, An Account of Its Structural Dynamics," in M. Velmans, ed., Investigating Phenomenological Consciousness. (Amsterdam: Benjamin Publishers, 1999). 4 F. Varela and J. Shear, The View from Within: First-Person Approaches to the Study of Consciousness (Thorverton: Imprint Academic, 1999). 5 Karl Marx. 6 Francisco J. Varela, Ethical Know-How : Action, Wisdom, and Cognition (Stanford, Calif: Stanford University Press, 1999).